LÖVE

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-- This will hold the states for each key.
-- state can be 0,1,2,3 with meanings: depressed, pressed, held and released
-- held is the time the button was held down
local keys = {}
keys.up    = {state = 0, held = 0}
keys.down  = {state = 0, held = 0}
keys.left  = {state = 0, held = 0}
keys.right = {state = 0, held = 0}

function love.load()
	-- Turn off key repeat; in 0.8 it was Löve's own doing, but after, it delegated it to the OS;
	-- i always code my own, so i disable this anyways.
	love.keyboard.setKeyRepeat(0)
end

-- This gets called by Löve whenever a key is pressed, but only at that moment.
-- (unless key repeat is enabled, i usually disable that, see above.)
love.keypressed = function(key)
	if keys[key] then
		keys[key].state = 1 -- Pressed.
		keys[key].held  = 0 -- Clear the time it was held for previously.
	end
end

-- This gets called by Löve whenever a key is released, but only at that moment.
-- (same disclaimer as above.)
love.keyreleased = function(key)
	if keys[key] then
		keys[key].state = 3 -- Released.
	end
end

-- Do most of the stuff in love.update
function love.update(dt)

	-- Iterate over our keys table and update state.
	for key, tbl in pairs(keys) do
		if love.keyboard.isDown(key) then
			if tbl.state == 1 then
				-- It was just pressed.
				doStuffPressed() -- Whatever function you need to do.
				-- Modify state to held and update held time.
				tbl.state = 2
				tbl.held = tbl.held + dt
			elseif tbl.state == 2 then
				-- It was already held for more than one update loop.
				doStuffHeld(tbl.held) -- Do whatever you need to do, the passed parameter holds how long it was pressed down for.
				-- Update held time.
				tbl.held = tbl.held + dt
			end
		else
			-- If state is released, then set state to depressed.
			if tbl.state == 3 then
				-- Just released.
				doStuffReleased(tbl.held) -- If you want to, you can detect a release here.
				tbl.state = 0
			end
		end
	end
end