LÖVE

I was wondering if it was possible to grab color/pixel information from an image and use that data. More specifically I was hoping I could automate platform creation by marking an image with certain colors (say, red for platform edges), analyzing the image through some love/shader feature or some utility that could convert it to xml, and then converting that data into usable table information for platform detection.

Many thanks!

Yes. Check the Wiki.

https://love2d.org/wiki/ImageData
https://love2d.org/wiki/ImageData:getPixel

And an ImageData object can be obtained from an Image via https://love2d.org/wiki/%28Image%29:getData, if you already have an Image object.