LÖVE

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function spawnBullet( player )
  bullet = {
    owner = player
    -- behaviour code and the like also goes here
  }
end

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-- this one is semi-global because it's a very high-level object
local collision = require 'collision'
collision.register( bullet )

function collision.register( obj )
  table.insert( self.registered, obj )
end

-- every frame, you call this function to update the collision handler and handle the collisions
collision.update = function()
  -- handle collisions by iterating over all known objects and checking them for collisions with each other object... left as an excercise to the reader

  -- assume we have a current object we're checking collision with, and a target that we know overlaps the current object
  if( current.collidesWith( target ) then
    current.handleCollisionWith( target )
  end
end

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function bullet.collidesWith( target )
  -- if you want the bullet to ignore the collision, you can return false. for example, indestructible enemies could have this property set
  if not target.hittable then
    return false
  end

  -- remember how we set the player when we created the bullet? I explain why we're checking against factionID below.
  if self.owner.factionID ~= target.factionID then
    return true
  end
end

function bullet.handleCollisionWith( target )
  -- whatever you like... lets just reduce HP or something
  target.hp = target.hp - 1
  -- you could also use a function like target.takeDamage( 1 ), that would let you handle death logic, impact animations, etc on the target.
end

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-- spawning a new bullet but passing an enemy as the owner
spawnBullet( enemy )